NeroScience

How do brain process information?
Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system, particularly the brain. The exact way in which the brain enables thought is one of the great mysteries of science. It has been appreciated for thousands of years that the brain is somehow involved in thought, because of the evidence that strong blows to the head can lead to mental incapacitation. It has also long been known that human brains are somehow different; in about 335 B.C. Aristotle wrote, "Of all the animals, man has the largest brain in proposition to his size". Still, it was not until the middle of the 18th century that the brain was widely recognized as the seat of consciousness. Before then, candidate location included the heart, the spleen, and the pineal gland.
Paul Broca's study of aphasia in brain damaged patients in 1861 reinvigorated the field and persuaded the medical establishment of the existence of localized areas of brain responsible for specific cognitive functions. In particular, he showed that speech production was localized to a portion of the left hemisphere now called Broca's area. By that time, it was known that the brain consisted of nerve cells or neurons, but it was not until 1873 that camillo golgi developed a staining technique allowing the observation of individual neurons in the brain. This technique was used by Santiago Ramon y cajal in his pioneering studies of the brain neuronal structures.